{"id":39049,"date":"2024-03-19T23:49:54","date_gmt":"2024-03-19T22:49:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/?p=39049"},"modified":"2024-03-19T23:49:56","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T22:49:56","slug":"livestockways","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/en\/livestockways\/","title":{"rendered":"Livestock trails: history, uses and development"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <strong>livestock trails<\/strong> are traditional paths used for grazing and the movement of livestock since ancient times. Apart from their use in transhumance, they have also been used for trade, communication when there were no vehicles or recently for activities in nature, such as hiking or cycling. <strong>In Spain we have 125,000 linear km of roads, but we face a problem for their conservation and protection.<\/strong>. Let's get to know them a little better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Contents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/en\/livestockways\/#Origenes_de_estos_caminos_ancestrales\" >Origins of these ancestral paths<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/en\/livestockways\/#Estado_actual_de_las_vias_pecuarias\" >Current status of livestock trails<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/en\/livestockways\/#%C2%BFCuales_son_los_motivos_de_esta_perdida_de_caminos\" >What are the reasons for this loss of roads?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/en\/livestockways\/#Medidas_de_conservacion_de_las_vias\" >Road maintenance measures<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/en\/livestockways\/#Vias_pecuarias_no_solo_para_la_trashumancia\" >Livestock trails, not just for transhumance<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Origenes_de_estos_caminos_ancestrales\"><\/span><strong>Origins of these ancestral paths<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We have to go back to prehistoric times, as far back as the Palaeolithic our ancestors noticed that wild animals followed fixed routes on their routes. <strong>seasonal migrations<\/strong>to look for pastures or better climatic conditions. Along these \"pathways\", humans looked for shelters to spend the night or take shelter. Later, when animals such as goats, sheep and cows were domesticated, the same problem that the wild herds faced was repeated: a shortage of pasture in summer and cold winters, with little vegetation. To solve this problem, human populations moved with their livestock along these ancient nature trails. This is the birth of the <strong>transhumance<\/strong> and, it is believed, also from the domestication of the wolf\/dog for herding and guarding livestock. A little later, in ancient Iberia, shepherds encountered the problem of \"rights of passage\" and interaction with other Iberian tribes. There is documentation of commercial transactions and free movement between Iberian tribes, such as the Vacceans of the Duero basin, the Numantines or the Beribraces of the Valencian hinterland. These primitive livestock trails had natural shelters, river courses for water supply and fords, springs or watering places, accessible passes through mountain passes...<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the <strong>Carthaginians<\/strong> Hannibal's commanders reach the Iberian coast, they use local guides to move their armies quickly along these \"primordial transhumant routes\". The <strong>Romans <\/strong>They do the same a little later and also travel along these roads. Some of these roads are paved, transforming them into <strong>Roman roads<\/strong>. People, animals and manufactured goods, such as the precious Betic wool, travelled along these roads between the interior and the coast. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1273, Alfonso X, \"The Wise\", founded the<strong> Mesta<\/strong>. This group brings together shepherds from Castile and Le\u00f3n. One of the objectives was to establish demarcated paths to avoid negative interactions between shepherds and farmers who had occupied territory reconquered from the Arabs. Over the following centuries, the network of livestock trails was in good health until the 19th century. This was the beginning of the privatisation of the territory, the loss of uses and industrialisation. The rural exodus of the 50s, 60s and 70s created a vacuum of historical memory and the abandonment of many paths. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Estado_actual_de_las_vias_pecuarias\"><\/span><strong>Current status of livestock trails<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Spain is the only country in the world with its own network of transhumant paths or cattle trails. The 125,000 linear kilometres cover an area of some 450,000 ha.  To give you an idea, this is the equivalent of the surface area of the province of Pontevedra, a little more than half the surface area of Barcelona, or 1% of the entire national territory. These paths are public and their management depends on the different autonomous communities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Livestock trails are classified according to their width:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ca\u00f1adas<\/strong>are the main roads, with a width of 75 metres.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lanyards<\/strong>second in width, about 37.5 metres wide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Footpaths<\/strong>of 20 metres<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pouring<\/strong>of 4 metres<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These names refer to those used by the Crown of Castile, but in other \"kingdoms\" the names varied. In Andalusia we find coladas, realengas or veredas de carne. In Murcia, azagadores, veredas or hilillos. In Aragon, caba\u00f1eras, ligallos, azagadores and pasos. In Catalonia, carrerades, lligallos or cabanes. And in Navarre, caba\u00f1eras or ardibideak (sheep tracks). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0706-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39875\" srcset=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0706-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0706-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0706-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0706-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0706-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0706-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In the mountains of Ordal (Barcelona) there are some paths that still bear the name of the cattle track, as in this case \"la Carrerada\". <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>On the different routes we find: resting places, watering places or sheepfolds for the shelter and rest of livestock and shepherds. The current situation of these paths is worrying, as around 40 % of these paths have been lost at national level. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"894\" height=\"639\" src=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2024-01-05.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39865\" srcset=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2024-01-05.jpg 894w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2024-01-05-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2024-01-05-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2024-01-05-600x429.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 894px) 100vw, 894px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Map of the main Spanish \"ca\u00f1adas reales\" and other cattle trails. Source: Ministry of Ecological Transition.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFCuales_son_los_motivos_de_esta_perdida_de_caminos\"><\/span><strong>What are the reasons for this loss of roads? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The public administration itself has often built infrastructures such as roads, petrol stations, rubbish dumps or rubbish dumps without taking into account the use of these paths. A concrete example would be the construction of the Valmayor reservoir (Madrid) and the destruction of part of the \"ca\u00f1ada Real Galiana\". Other times it is private individuals with the construction of illegal dwellings (same example as before, the Galiana Royal Cattle Track), agriculture on the margins of the road which ends up eating up the track or private estates or large landowners who deny the right of way as it is within their enclosed and fenced land. Also urban or industrial growth with the \"oblivion\" of these paths, rubbish dumps or dumps, hunting grounds...<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Medidas_de_conservacion_de_las_vias\"><\/span>Road maintenance measures<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The actions for its maintenance include its <strong>classification<\/strong> y <strong>redefinition<\/strong> of the current route on the ground. Another important action is the <strong>demarcation<\/strong>The aim is to take legal action to define exactly the actual route of the roads. By taking measures such as the  <strong>dismantling of squatter settlements<\/strong> or expropriation of land occupied by the roads. <strong>Demarcation<\/strong> or marking with <strong>milestones<\/strong> of the boundaries, which may be signs or beacons. Surveillance by <strong>forest agents <\/strong>y <strong>environmental education<\/strong>The aim of the project is to make these historical routes known to the general public. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"859\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cam_logotipo_viaspecuarias_0-859x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39882\" srcset=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cam_logotipo_viaspecuarias_0-859x1024.jpg 859w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cam_logotipo_viaspecuarias_0-252x300.jpg 252w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cam_logotipo_viaspecuarias_0-768x915.jpg 768w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cam_logotipo_viaspecuarias_0-1289x1536.jpg 1289w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cam_logotipo_viaspecuarias_0-600x715.jpg 600w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cam_logotipo_viaspecuarias_0.jpg 1292w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 859px) 100vw, 859px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Signs that would be used to mark the cattle trails in Madrid.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As is often the case, if the public administrations are not concerned about the maintenance and defence of these paths, the citizens organise themselves. For this reason, we find ourselves with the<a href=\"https:\/\/picp.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <strong>Iberian Platform for Public Roads (PICP)<\/strong><\/a> which organise the \"<strong>Livestock Trails Day 2024<\/strong>The \"Spanish National Assembly\" will be held with various protest events throughout Spain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"712\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DiaVVPP2024-712x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39878\" srcset=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DiaVVPP2024-712x1024.jpg 712w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DiaVVPP2024-209x300.jpg 209w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DiaVVPP2024-768x1104.jpg 768w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DiaVVPP2024-600x863.jpg 600w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DiaVVPP2024.jpg 904w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 712px) 100vw, 712px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vias_pecuarias_no_solo_para_la_trashumancia\"><\/span>Livestock trails, not just for transhumance <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the major problems faced by the <strong>natural areas<\/strong> is isolation, between infrastructures and human populations. This leads to a loss of biodiversity by <strong>inbreeding<\/strong>In other words, the populations of fauna become isolated and with few individuals, and little by little the populations degenerate genetically until they become extinct. (If you are interested, you can read <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/bucardo-pirineos\/\">The ibex, the Pyrenean ibex, extinct in the Pyrenees<\/a><\/strong>(the latter was extinguished, among other factors, by inbreeding caused by isolation).  This is where the \"livestock trails\" come in, allowing the <strong>connectivity between natural areas<\/strong> and acting as <strong>biological corridors<\/strong>The very passage of livestock also allows for the flow of wild animals. The very passage of livestock also allows the <strong>seed dispersal<\/strong>The connectivity and genetic exchange between the vegetation, their <strong>droppings<\/strong> serve as <strong>fertiliser<\/strong>The use of the fuels in the vegetation is also a major factor in controlling vegetation growth and decreasing plant fuels, <strong>reduce the risk of fire<\/strong>. Secondarily, by controlling plant growth, they limit the spread of rabbits or other animals that can become <strong>pests<\/strong>. And as if that were not enough, the corpses of some of the <strong>dead animal <\/strong>They support scavengers such as vultures, foxes and wolves. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We have just seen the benefits for ecosystems, but people can also enjoy this network of paths. Whether it is for the<strong> hiking<\/strong>the<strong> cycling<\/strong> or the use of these roads for sporting activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0708-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39886\" style=\"width:850px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0708-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0708-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0708-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0708-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0708-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0708-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">These livestock trails serve not only for the transit of livestock, but also provide a benefit to human society as a whole. <br>form of outdoor activities.<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Livestock trails are traditional paths used for grazing and the movement of livestock since ancient times. In Spain we have 125,000 linear km of paths, but we face a problem for their conservation and protection.","protected":false},"author":1141,"featured_media":39881,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","episode_type":"audio","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","filesize_raw":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3008],"tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-39049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecologia-medio-ambiente"],"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sheep-974762_1920.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Caratula-Podcast-Maldita-Montana_1500x1500_72pp-p_.jpg","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/en\/feed\/podcast\/maldita-montana","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"usRWYYoxzA\"><a href=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/en\/livestockways\/\">Las v\u00edas pecuarias: historia, usos y evoluci\u00f3n<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/travesiapirenaica.com\/en\/livestockways\/embed\/#?secret=usRWYYoxzA\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"&#8220;Las v\u00edas pecuarias: historia, usos y evoluci\u00f3n&#8221; &#8212; Traves\u00eda.\" data-secret=\"usRWYYoxzA\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script>\n\/*! 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